Magazine, print ads, portfolio work have an industry standard of '300' dpi ......, but that's just a very generalized standard. It's kind of reached mythic proportions in terms of adherence. As you can see from some of the comments above, ...... resolutions of much much less than that, ..such as 200dpi or even 150 dpi can have very good results.
My suggestion is to print an image with varying resolutions and see for yourself what works best for you with a given printer.
* of course a higher resolution is always better, ...just not always practical or necessary -- it's really image dependent.